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The WIR Bank, formerly the Swiss Economic Circle (GER: Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft), or WIR, is an independent complementary currency system in Switzerland that serves small and medium-sized businesses. It exists only as a bookkeeping system, with no scrip, to facilitate transactions.
WIR was founded in 1934 by businessmen Werner Zimmermann and Paul Enz as a result of currency shortages after the stock market crash of 1929. Both Zimmermann and Enz had been influenced by German libertarian economist Silvio Gesell1; however, the WIR Bank renounced Gesell's "free money" theory in 1952, opening the door to monetary interest.2
"WIR" is both an abbreviation of Wirtschaftsring and the word for "we" in German, reminding participants that the economic circle is also a community.3 According to the cooperative's statutes, "Its purpose is to encourage participating members to put their buying power at each other's disposal and keep it circulating within their ranks, thereby providing members with additional sales volume."
Although WIR started with only 16 members, today it has grown to include 62,000 - among whom is traded approximately CHF 1.65 billion annually (as of 2004).4 The available Money supply (currency code CHW) was 839 million equivalent Swiss Francs (as of 2005). 5
The WIR bank is a not for profit bank. It serves the interest of the clients, not the bank itself. It is a very stable system, not prone to failure as the current banking system is. It remains fully operational even in times of general economic crisis. WIR may have contributed to the remarkable stability of the Swiss economy, as it dampens downturns in the business cycle.6
References
- ^ "60 Years WIR Business Circle Cooperative -Origins and Ideology". WIR Magazine (September 1994). http://www.reinventingmoney.com/wirbusiness.php. Retrieved on August 9.
- ^ Studer, Tobias (1998). WIR and the Swiss National Economy. WIR Bank.
- ^ "60 Years WIR Business Circle Cooperative -Origins and Ideology". WIR Magazine (September 1994). http://www.reinventingmoney.com/wirbusiness.php. Retrieved on August 9.
- ^ "Cooperative Principle and Complementary Currency". Skaggs Island Foundation (August 2004). http://www.skaggs-island.org/csd/pbwirtranslation.htm. Retrieved on August 9.
- ^ "Press Release 2005 Annual report of the WIR-Bank". WIR-Bank (February 2006). http://www.wir.ch/index.cfm?uuid=CBD9201A3DBB11D6B9950001020761E5&and_uuid=9664F0A7EFE3A9A4864B2A54DDA7634B. Retrieved on December 14.
- ^ Strodder, James. Reciprocal Exchange Networks: Implications for Macroeconomic Stability. http://www.lietaer.com/images/Stodder_Reciprocal_Exchange.pdf